The Uneasy Accommodation of Efficiency and Immediacy Under Article 271¹ CPC Introduction Among the procedural innovations…
Provisional Enforcement, Evidentiary Thresholds, and the Creditor’s Strategic Advantage I. Introduction Among the array of expedited…
In Poland, you can spend years under criminal investigation, lose your reputation, your livelihood, your health—and…
A poorly drafted arbitration clause may prove entirely worthless. In a landmark 2022 decision, the Polish…
The Arbitration Clause Is Not an Automatic Shield Against State Courts An arbitration clause in your…
The dissolution of co-ownership — zniesienie współwłasności — represents one of the most consequential proceedings in…
In Polish law, a mistake can undo what’s been done. When someone makes a declaration of…
In Polish civil litigation, a defendant facing a lawsuit has more options than simply playing defense.…
In Polish civil procedure, absence has consequences—but not always permanent ones. A defendant who fails to…
In Poland, as in many civil-law countries, property ownership exists in two parallel universes: the one…
