Written Witness Testimony in Polish Civil Proceedings
The Uneasy Accommodation of Efficiency and Immediacy Under Article 271¹ CPC Introduction Among the procedural innovations introduced by...
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The Payment Order in Writ Proceedings Under Polish Civil Procedure
Provisional Enforcement, Evidentiary Thresholds, and the Creditor’s Strategic Advantage I. Introduction Among the array of expedited collection mechanisms...
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Wrongful Accusation in Poland: No Compensation, No Justice, No Recourse
In Poland, you can spend years under criminal investigation, lose your reputation, your livelihood, your health—and if the...
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The Perils of Imprecision: Defective Arbitration Agreements
A poorly drafted arbitration clause may prove entirely worthless. In a landmark 2022 decision, the Polish Supreme Court...
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The Arbitration Agreement as a Procedural Defense: Strategic Considerations Under Polish Civil Procedure
The Arbitration Clause Is Not an Automatic Shield Against State Courts An arbitration clause in your contract is...
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Partition of Co-Ownership Under Polish Civil Law
The dissolution of co-ownership — zniesienie współwłasności — represents one of the most consequential proceedings in Polish property...
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The Mistake Defense
In Polish law, a mistake can undo what’s been done. When someone makes a declaration of intent under...
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The Counterattack
In Polish civil litigation, a defendant facing a lawsuit has more options than simply playing defense. The counterclaim—known...
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